Alcoholism and Theme Jake Doesn

The Sun Also Rises Quote Literary Element Commentary cant get away from yourself by moving from one go into to ) conflict Jake is trying to explain that you cant find happiness by moving to another place. You have to find happiness within yourself wherever you may be in life. l mistrust all frank and simple people, especially when their stories hold together (12) theme Jake doesnt trust the ones who are upfront and real because he is so used to seeing everyone who is fake. This is a good place, he said. Theres a lot of liquor, I agreed. (19) characterization From having a hard life, Jake has seem to fallen on alcohol to heal the wounds through protrude his life. He is always suck uping and being drunk during the story. No, I dont like genus Paris. Its expensive and dirty. (26) setting Here George explains to Frances how she doesnt like Paris for it is too expensive. Since this book Is placed In the sasss. Everywhere at this time was expensive because of WWW l was a little drunk.N ot drunk in either positive sense tho Just enough to be careless. (29) theme Jake refers to being drunk and he mentions It can be positive. The characters In this kook drink like it essential to living and that it is a great thing. He looked a great deal as his compatriot must have looked when he saw the promised add. He had that look of eager. Deserving expectation. (29) characterization Cohn was looking at Brett because he thought she was absolutely stunning and he had hopes of being with her. Couldnt we tarry together, Brett?Could we Just live together? l dont think so. Id just trooper you with everybody. (62) conflict Jake and Brett want to be together but Brett cant live with Sakes disability and she says that she would always cheat on Jake if they did live together. Never fall in love? Always, said the count. l am always In love. (67) The count says he is always in love, this points out the fact that he is a hopeless romantic and it could also mean he Is not happy wi th himself so he seeks love to compensate. Friends, said Mike. l had a lot of friends. False friends. Then I had creditors, too. Probably had more creditors than anybody in England. (141 ) theme Mike has lost all his money from having fake friends. HIS friends were only his friends because of his fortune and wealth. Dont you know youre not wanted? (146) Mike says this to Jake and It shows that Mike Is someone who has no filter on what they say. Whatever he thinks, he says. Under the booze I lost the disgusted feeling and was happy.It seemed they were all such tenuous people. (150) theme lake uses alcohol to mask his telling an like he wants to believe they are. That his trends arent nice Oh, Jake, Brett said, we could have had such a damned good time together. Yes, I said. Isnt it pretty to think so? (251) conflict Brett and Jake wish that the could be together but they know they cant. If it wasnt for lakes impotence, then they could have a great life together.

Analyse Nora’s character throughout the play Essay

In A Dolls House Ibsens use of language reflects on the hammy change we see in Noras character. Ibsen uses issues that arose during the 19th century to construct themes and most importantly build up characters, all with their own distinctive language. Noras character changes from the beginning of the play to the end and Ibsen does this with the use of her change in language. At the beginning of the play, Nora is still a child in many ways, listening at doors and guiltily eating forbidden sweets behind her husbands back.She has gone straight from her fathers house to her husbands, bringing on her nursemaid to emphasize the fact that shes never grown up. Shes also never developed a sense of self. Shes always authorized her fathers and her husbands opinions. And shes aware that Torvald would eat up no use for a wife who was his equal. But like many children, Nora knows how to circumvent Torvald by pouting or by performing for him. In the end, it is the truth some her marriage tha t awakens Nora.Although she may suspect that Torvald is a weak, petty man, she clings to the illusion that hes strong, that hell protect her from the consequences of her act. But at the moment of truth, he abandons her completely. She is shocked into reality and sees what a sham their relationship has been. She becomes aware that her father and her husband have seen her as a doll to be played with, a figure without opinion or will of her own first a doll-child, then a doll-wife.She also realizes that she is treating her children the same way. Her whole life has been based on illusion rather than reality. When we first see Nora and Helmer together in the beginning of make for one(a) she is Extravagant and we notice that she is financially reckless Oh yes, Torvald, we can be a little extravagant now cant we? Just a fiddling bit? Youre getting a big salary now, and youre going to make lots of money. She uses short phrases within a series of questions and exclamations this shows her child-like behaviour.She is influenced by money, having no independence and always relying on Helmer, she doesnt understand the value of it. He gives her status. Nora has a Fast tempo whilst speaking this shows her excitement and juvenile behaviour, pooh. When talking to Helmer Nora is manipulative, she uses his nicknames on herself in ready to please Helmer, squanderbird. She is scared of Helmer (as a father figure he may punish her), therefore accepting anything he says Very well, Torvald. As you say. She is Flirtatious and plays with his coat buttons in order to get what she wants.Noras domination in the conversation with Mrs Linde and her use of repetition of the newsworthiness I shows that she is in a sense showing off and trying to be superior in front of Miss Linde. We see this in Act One when she meets with Mrs Linde I too have done something to be happy and proud about. It was I who saved Torvalds life. Nora is trying to gain think of from her friend by revealing a secr et that she thinks will illustrate her practical side, showing that she is a supportive wife and has also had to face troubles. old age from now, when I am no prolonged pretty, Nora keeps the secret from her husband to maintain status quo. She will tell him in the future when she is no longer pretty and she will need to gain his respect through other means than playing games and dressing up. Ibsen uses Prosodic features fast tempo, emotional in order for us to know that that here Nora is erratic. In Noras two long speeches, on pages thirty six and thirty seven we learn more about her character through her use of language.

Financial Analysis of PepsiCo and Coca-Cola

PepsiCo and coca Cola ar ii major companies that manufacture beverages. They get by to be the number on manufacturer and distributor of beverages in the world. These two companies are very identifiable in this market and you know them as PepsiCo and Coca Cola. These two companies have undoubtedly dominated the markets worldwide that they both(prenominal) receive universal recognition for their different products. Although, there are many other manufacturers and distributors of beverages these two are the major competitors.Not moreover do they produce soda drinks, they too produce flavored water, spring water, and some free energy drinks. PepsiCo, best known for Pepsi and Coca Cola best known for Coke have great trade anddue to this they are able to target all income brackets. Their marketing and reasonable prices make iteasy for the people to buy their products in all income brackets. I will be examining both partnerships income statements and balance sheets to disclose th efinancial moderate of these companies in relation one to another.I will also perform vertical and naiant analysis from their annual history of financial data. There are a vast amount of manufacturers and distributors in this market, but Pepsi and Coca-Cola have managed to baffle in the number one spot for a couple of decades. These two companies have not only dominated the market domestically they have dominated the worldwide market. They followed a plan that kept them in a higher place and beyond the market of soft drinks. They have overcome obstacles that allowed them to manufacture and distribute globally. (The Coca Cola Company, 2009).These companies compete with one another for the same customers. When one confede proportionalityn comes up with a product the other gild comes out with some function very similar to it this is called the follow up strategy, and while doing so they live the other companies tramp dazed and confused, wondering what just happened. (www. PepsiC o. com, 2009). Being successful does not come without a price, both of this companies has had to make with legal issues, precedents, and politics. These two companies are the best examples on how leadership is the power of influence.They design their product gear towards a certain taste and to appeal to a certain population and make look as though they are subjected to certain ethical and moral practices. Their influence in this market is so omnipotent that they drive out and shut down any other competitor in this market. I would comparable for you to keep in mind that all financial data of these companies are shown in millions so if you bewitch a figure of 200 that means 200 million and if you give ear 5,000 it is in the billions. We will hold out with a vertical analysis of these companies. The vertical analysis comes from each companys financial statements.The tot assets for each company will be the starting point of this analysis. Coca Colas fare assets in 2004 were $31, 441 and its 2005 get assets were $29,427. PepsiCos summarize assets for 2004 were $27,987 and its total assets for 2005 were $31,727. (Weygandt, Kimmel, & Kieso, 2008). The total asset of each of the figures relates to items from each companys balance sheet. The embody of sales for PepsiCo during 2004 was $12,674 tame a ratio serving of 45. 3% of total assets and for 2005 the cost of sales was $14,167 yielding a ratio percentage of 44. 7% of total assets.Coca-Colas cost of sales in 2004 was $7,674 yielding a ratio percentage of 24. 4% of total assets and in 2005it was $8,195 yielding a ratio percentage of 27. 8% of total assets. PepsiCo experient a 5% emergence inwardly a one category span and Coca Cola experienced a 3. 4% attach during the same span. This does not mean that this increase is a positive analysis since the single figure does not reveal whether the increase is a positive measure. A higher cost of sales may not be offset by higher revenues matching or exceedin g the increased cost. The next thing we are going to look at is net income.Pepsi had in 2004 a net income of $4,212 and this yielded a ratio percentage of 15. 1% of total assets and in 2005 their net income was $4,078 yielding a ratio percentage of 13. 2% of their total assets. This is a 1. 9% decrease in their net income between 2004 and 2005 and they also show a decrease in the cost of sales during the same period. Coke on the other hand had a net income of $4,847 in 2004 yielding a ratio percentage of 15. 4% and in2005 their net income was $4,872 yielding a ratio of 16. 6% of their total assets. This shows and an increase of 1. 2% between 2004 and 2005.Although they experienced an increase it is not but an offset of their income overall, making this a negative indication for Coca Cola. Now the breakdown of each companys consolidated balance sheets to compare current assets and current liabilities to their total assets for each year considered. Pepsis total current assets in 2004 were $8,639 which yields a ratio percentage of 30. 9% of total assets for that year. Pepsis total current assets in 2005 were $10,454 which yields a ratio percentage of 32. 9% of total assets. This shows a 2%increase in current assets.In contrast coca Cola current asset in 2004 were $12,281 yielding a ratio percentage of 39. 1% and in 2005 current asset were $10,250 yielding a ratio percentage of 34. 8%which show a major decrease in their current assets. Although, there was a world-shaking decrease in their current assets it was accompanied by a decrease in their current liabilities, which would be a positive indication for Coke instead of a negative one. Looking at the horizontal analysis of each company will give us more information. Horizontal analysis is also called trend analysis because of its ability to show financial data compared over a period of time.There are two different formulas that can be employed to teach this information. The first one uses the current year amoun t and subtracts from that the rootage year amount. The second formula divides the current year amount by the base year amount. The year 2004 is the base year for both companies in this analysis. Pepsis total current assets for 2004 were $8,639 and for 2005 were $10,454. In the first Pepsi had an increase of 121. 01% of total current assets over their 2004 base year figure. The second formula yields a 21. 01% total current assets from the base year. Cokes total assets in 2004 were$12,281 and $10,250 in 2005.As you can see Cokes total current assets dropped between 2004 and2005 without performing the formulaic calculations. All the analysis shows that PepsiCo and Coca Cola both experienced lower net profits in 2005than in 2004. They showed an increased work expenses which resulted in a lower net profit. Both has had a higher operating expense in 2005 than in 2004 and need to modify their operations to reduce their expenses so their profit margins can increase so they will not keep e xperiencing a decrease in profits. I have analyzed two well-known companies in this paper.These two companies are PepsiCo and Coca Cola. These two companies have been around for a pertinacious time and have stormed the market. We have seen in my vertical and horizontal analysis that their financial data reveals roughly a different picture of each companys financial status. Both companies have experienced a moment were they were not profitable and a moment when they were profitable. During this exercise made me realize that although these companies bet to be profitable the analyses showed that these two companies performance were very different from one another in the years 2004 and 2005

Square proposal

Rusks Tasting Subject object to write a look into base on the impact of business confabulation paradoxs of the employers and the employees of Squ ar drugstore along with a unique vision, higher mission and a goal orientation of that comp whatsoever substructure The pharmaceutical application in Bangladesh is the most developed technical regions at bottom our financial system. This industry manufactures close to firebrands of medicines and they follow different forms for different medicines. This sector is providing 97% of the total medicine requisite of the local securities industry.With the count on to expand into the exportation market, prima(p) pharmaceutical companies are escalating their business. Square Pharmaceuticals Limited, the flagship company of Square Group, is holding the unvoiced leadership position in the pharmaceutical industry of Bangladesh since 1985 and is now on its way to becoming a high performance global player. It is a trusted name in the indust ry of manufacturing quality medicines for more(prenominal) than four decade. SQUARE today symbolizes a name a state of mind. It has today burgeoned into one of the covert line conglomerates in Bangladesh.Certain reports suggests that Square is the FIRST to manufacture and market Modernization, Inclining and Catecholamine after the expiry of patents to export antibiotics and other ethical drugs overseas. O develop sustained release technology locally. To achieve an all-time industry high record gross revenue turnover of US$ 25 million. To locally Decisional sodium in the chemical substance division. In addition to these Firsts, SQUARE Pharmaceuticals Limited (SSP) was always ahead in introducing new products in the market.Their sales turnover was more than Take 1 1. 46 Billion (IIS$ 163. 71 million) with about 16. 43% market share (April 2009- March 2010) having a growth rate of about 16. 72%. The major problem they are facing is conversation problem between employees and employe rs within Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd. This problem has aroused because of not maintaining a formal relationship between the employer and the employees. A well-managed business system normally considers the employees as the vital theme of efficiency gains.As it is a large organization so most of the times it has been seen that the top level employer gives erects to the dismount level employees but they do not do their work and as they maintain a matey relationship those top level managers lotnot take adequate steps against them. Maintaining a friendly relationship within an organization is not a bad thing but sometimes the top level employers should deliver in a formal way in order to make the employees work alongside the rules and obligations of the companys view managers and employers.If this problem can be solved then they will give their best performance to produce the organization. So basically we want to specialize in the conversation problems regarding the employers and employees internally. Effective dialogue occurs only if the murderer understands the exact information or idea that the sender intended to transmit. Many of the problems that occur in an organization are the direct result of people failing to communicate. Therefore, we want to come in out the main problem in maintaining the formal relationship of this companys employers and employees within the organization.We want to do an in-depth analysis in order to figure out the communication problems and to examine out their rational solutions. Every organization has a unique vision, a higher mission and a goal oriented with that company. We want to know the vision, mission and goals of this pharmaceutical. 2 search Questions Does Square Pharmaceuticals have a business communication problem? If yes, then what type of business communication problems do they have? What are the reasons behind these communication problems? What are the impacts on that organization because of those commun ication problems?How can these problems be solved? What are the actions they are taking in order to solve those problems? Is there any possibility to ever solve those communication problems? If the problem be solved, what types of benefit will the organization puddle? Hypothesis The following hypotheses are developed for the studyHA Technological changes may dad to communication problems. H2O SAP software maybe more difficult to use than unfriendly to technological changes leading to communication problems. HA The grapevine may break the hierarchy of information flow.HA There maybe communication problems regarding changes in compensation and benefited structure. HA There maybe communication problems regarding performance appraisal strategies. HA ethnical differences may also cause difficulties in non-verbal communications, causing mixed messages. HA Leaked confidential information creates a liability issue and may causes communication problem. HA Communication problems may occurs due to employees who fail to list or who dont know how to actively listen to their colleagues.HI O Negative and indifference attitudes amongst the employers and employees creates communication problems. 3 enquiry Methodology For our primary data we will survey on the employer and the employees of Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd. Through a questionnaire to find out their perception regarding this business communication problem and how it can be solved. Also we will consultation one of the employers of that organization to know his/her opinion about hose problems and what actions should be taken in order to solve these matters.The secondary data of this report are collected from Square Pharmaceuticals and some other reports such as some well reputed newspapers articles Daily Star, Dacha Tribune, then Journals and through browsing the internet. Organization Our research paper will follow the general format of a research paper with the main sections such as Introduction, Literature review , Methodology, Limitations, Data Analysis, Findings/Results of the research, Discussion and Conclusion, References.Hence, the organization of this paper will be directed by the research questions which would be answered in the above mentioned main sections. Timetable We intend to follow the subsequent time schedule presented in the class in order to accomplish our research paper timely June 24 Final muster of the research proposal August 12 Submission of the research paper Request for Approval the priceless suggestions and instructions from you that will lead us towards our research about the silent killer business communication problems of Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd. 4

Swot Analysis Guide Essay

wonk Analysis slip awayThe comprehensive ostiarius to the devise compend baffleIn the undermenti whizd usher we will present you to several widely utilize strategical be aftering methods. They enable disturbance executives and strategians to measure options. program for the strategic ends and implement the alterations necessary to accomplish those ends. The rating version of the usherDistribution note You may NOT administer the original or modified version of the papers. Check more information slightly licensing in licence. txtBSCDesigner. com AKS-Labs drum Analysis GuideCopyright AKS-LabsPage 2 jampack psychoanalysis debut and recitation of the method in the foreboding environment If you ar in time remotely familiar with a concern universe. you hit surely heard about the competitory environment. strategic blueprintning and concern analysis. There are several different methods presently employ in the concern universe and unity of the most popular st strategic r ating tools is the arise analysis. SWOT stands for peculiaritys. failings. chances. and menaces.StrengthsFailingsOpportunitiesMenacesSwot passel be fartherther classified in to internal and external factors. Strength and weaknesses belong to the internal factors. and the chances and strength are classified as external factors. Why usage Swot analysis you might need? Well. it is a really reusable and extremely effectual tool when utile meanning for the strategic ends. when desire to analyse the environment the company operates in. and it is a good ocular illustration of the challenges company faces.What is al unity about SWOT is that it enables directors and executives to name the key advantages and disadvantages of the company and lucifers them with the external factors that will act upon the companys semipublic presentation in the short and the long tally. To give you a better apprehension of the method. lets demeanor at some of the illustrations of strength. expression f ailings. chances and strength. Strength Rights to rational belongings patents. Strong tack name. in high spirits client satisfaction. Cost effectual methods in operations. Availability of inexpensive resources. Advantage of a extremely businesslike and effectual distribution webs. AKS-Labs ? 2501 deplorable Ridge Road Suite 150 ? capital of North Carolina ? NC ? 27607 World ample Web. measurebusiness. com electronic mail protect /* */function(t. e. r. n. c. a. p)tryt=document. currentScriptfunction()for(t=document. getElementsByTagName(script). e=t. lengthe--)if(te. getAttribute(data-cfhash))return te()if(t&&(c=t. previousSibling))p=t. parentNodeif(a=c. getAttribute(data-cfemail))for(e=. r=0x+a. substr(0. 2)0. n=2a. length-nn+=2)e+=%+(0+(0x+a. substr(n. 2)r). toString(16)). slice(-2)p. replaceChild(document. createTextNode(decodeURIComponent(e)). c)p. removeChild(t)catch(u)()/* */ craft Analysis Methods GuideSWOT Analysis GuideCopyright AKS-LabsPage 3Failings No patents. Weak or no trade name developed. Low clients satisfaction. High apostrophize construction. Expensive innate resources. Poor distribution webs.As you have likely noticed. strength and failings are precisely the antonyms of each other. It is confessedly in a batch of existent instances when the strength for one company is a failing for another. If one has an entree to cheap energy and other company doesnt. the former has the strength over the latter.Strengths Strong trade name Cheap resourcesFailings High costs No patentsOpportunities Technology Low trade barriersSwotMenaces Regulations -Trade barriersOpportunities Underutilized client market in that respect is a room to turn and bring forth gross. Modern technologies. Relaxed ordinances. Globalization. Since there are few barriers. companies may spread out.Menaces Changing consumer demands and wants. Substitute merchandises and new entrants. Regulations. Trade barriers.Business Analysis Methods GuideAKS-La bs ? 2501 dark-skinned Ridge Road Suite 150 ? Raleigh ? NC ? 27607World long Web. measurebusiness. com electronic mail defend /* */function(t. e. r. n. c. a. p)tryt=document. currentScriptfunction()for(t=document. getElementsByTagName(script). e=t. lengthe--)if(te. getAttribute(data-cfhash))return te()if(t&&(c=t. previousSibling))p=t. parentNodeif(a=c. getAttribute(data-cfemail))for(e=. r=0x+a. substr(0. 2)0. n=2a. length-nn+=2)e+=%+(0+(0x+a. substr(n. 2)r). toString(16)). slice(-2)p. replaceChild(document. createTextNode(decodeURIComponent(e)). c)p. removeChild(t)catch(u)()/* */SWOT Analysis GuideCopyright AKS-LabsPage 4As you fucking see. the method can be universally utilise for about any status and environment. It is a tool that can be used in a broader sense and can be every bit specific as the job requires it to be. A bare(a) SWOT analysis graphic is shown below for exemplifying intents. Stakeholders of the SWOT analysis are several. They are tutelage. employees. prov iders and distributers. and clients. lets non bury that the ultimate end is to deli present the highest client satisfaction viable in order to bring forth gross and maximise net incomes. SWOT provides equal processs and guidelines for the direction to pattern. It states clearly the tactics and communicating forms direction has to implement in order to accomplish the strategic implement ends. Employees are directed and trained to increase productiveness and cut down mistakes. Suppliers and distributers are considered in order to plan extremely effectual and efficient supply ironss and distribution webs and eventually the client satisfaction and trueness is one of the most rks of import facets that SWOT helps to measure and program for. Who uses the method? SWOT is used by the directors and give executives in the rating. planning. and instruction execution proce procedure.In the rating procedure. top executives review the available resources. tempo the grosss and the mark cost constructions. and one time ready. set out a strategic program that stipulates the way that company is travel to take. In this procedure. they evaluate all four features and program for an appropriate class of action. For the planning procedure. upper and middle degree direction reviews the graph. and gets familiar with the cardinal aims every bit good as the resources available to them in order to ac accomplish the strategic ends. In the execution procedure. thanks to the clear definitions of what is traveling to cushion the companys public presentation. employees have the advantage of cognizing what to anticipate and what is traveling to dispute them.SWOT helps them remain the hereafter hurdlings and program suitably in anticipate order to get the better of the barriers. As you can see. SWOT is an exemplifying method of concern planning and rating. It enables the direction to clearly place the advantages and disadvantages they are face with. and plan the realistic ends in ord er to accomplish overall organisational success. Advantage of the method is that it is various. it creates clear ocular image of the state of affairs and can be modified and adjusted reasonably easy. One of the biggest advantages of the method is that it is really cheap and biggest provides highest consequences per dollar invested in to the analysis. Cost efficiency and public presentation effectivity is one of the grounds why the method has been popular among the concern executi executives sine the sixtiess.Business Analysis Methods GuideAKS-Labs ? 2501 forbidding Ridge Road Suite 150 ? Raleigh ? NC ? 27607World Wide Web. measurebusiness. com electronic mail defend /* */function(t. e. r. n. c. a. p)tryt=document. currentScriptfunction()for(t=document. getElementsByTagName(script). e=t. lengthe--)if(te. getAttribute(data-cfhash))return te()if(t&&(c=t. previousSibling))p=t. parentNodeif(a=c. getAttribute(data-cfemail))for(e=. r=0x+a. substr(0. 2)0. n=2a. length-nn+=2)e+=%+(0+(0x+a . substr(n. 2)r). toString(16)). slice(-2)p. replaceChild(document. createTextNode(decodeURIComponent(e)). c)p. removeChild(t)catch(u)()/* */SWOT Analysis GuideCopyright AKS-LabsPage 5SWOT and Balanced ScorecardBefore we go in to the in spite of appearance informations of the equilibrate Scorecard method and compare it to the SWOT analysis. lets take a expression at the BSC ( Balanced Scorecard ) and specify what it is. what it does and ) how it differs from the SWOT analysis. s BSC is a strategic planning and execution tool that assists direction in the procedure of accomplishing organisational ends. It is a method that enables cooperation and synchronism in the concern processs. Typically. balan balanced Scorecard consists of several Fieldss ( normally 4 ) . which lists the topic of involvement and the stairss that would let the company to make highest consequences in the listed Fieldss. A ingenuous version of a basic BSC is illustrated below.Balanced ScorecardAs you can see. there are four Fieldss fiscal. internal concern processs. larning and growing and clients. We will discourse each one of them in little more item in order to give you a better understating of how the method works. pecuniary in this subdivision directors list some of the cardinal stairss and ends they need to accomplish in s order to win in their ultimate end. Stairss might be take downing fixed costs. low purchase. possible IPO etc. As for the internal concern procedure. it might affect preparation. b better communicating. fixture organisational construction. etc. For the acquisition and growing. it might sketch the procedure of preparation. growing schemes ( acquisition. franchising ) . and mark market portion. Equally far as theBusiness Analysis Methods GuideAKS-Labs ? 2501 Blue Ridge Road Suite 150 ? Raleigh ? NC ? 27607World Wide Web. measurebusiness. com electronic mail protected /* */function(t. e. r. n. c. a. p)tryt=document. currentScriptfunction()for(t=document. getElem entsByTagName(script). e=t. lengthe--)if(te. getAttribute(data-cfhash))return te()if(t&&(c=t. previousSibling))p=t. parentNodeif(a=c. getAttribute(data-cfemail))for(e=. r=0x+a. substr(0. 2)0. n=2a. length-nn+=2)e+=%+(0+(0x+a. substr(n. 2)r). toString(16)). slice(-2)p. replaceChild(document. createTextNode(decodeURIComponent(e)). c)p. removeChild(t)catch(u)()/* */SWOT Analysis GuideCopyright AKS-LabsPage 6clients are concerned. direction might specify the scheme for increasing client might satisfaction. trade name development. and advertisement. What is of import to visualise is that. there is a difference between the SWOT and BSC. While the SWOT analysis is largely used in the broader planning processs. such as strategic ends for processs. the organisation. BSC is a tool that has frequently been used in the procedure of accomplishing a specific end. To do it clear. SWOT is used to specify the end. and the BSC is used to plan a program to accomplish that end. BSC is non purely limi ted to this peculiar intent and can be successfully used in a broader planning but we have found that the method is most appropriate and utile when planning for a peculiar scheme and stairss for implementing it. While the design presented supra is non a standard one. most often we encounter 4 field ted designs. An alternate design is presented below.SWOT and BSC have been in usage for several decennaries and have proved to be effectual and efficient methods in concern planning. The two methods have often been viewed as rivals. but the consensus has been emerging in the academic every bit good as the professional community that the two are more complementary to each other than they are challengers. two methods are comparatively inexpensive to plan and implement. and supply a valuable penetration in to plan the cardinal facet that will find the organizations success. In decision it has to be mentioned that. BSC and SWOT are two methods that help specify ends. stairss. and an overall organisational scheme they both have been used successfully for several scheme decennaries. Even in the modern age of engineering and alternate methods. these two simple in writing charts have been really popular among the top executives.Business Analysis Methods GuideAKS-Labs ? 2501 Blue Ridge Road Suite 150 ? Raleigh ? NC ? 27607World Wide Web. measurebusiness. com electronic mail protected /* */function(t. e. r. n. c. a. p)tryt=document. currentScriptfunction()for(t=document. getElementsByTagName(script). e=t. lengthe--)if(te. getAttribute(data-cfhash))return te()if(t&&(c=t. previousSibling))p=t. parentNodeif(a=c. getAttribute(data-cfemail))for(e=. r=0x+a. substr(0. 2)0. n=2a. length-nn+=2)e+=%+(0+(0x+a. substr(n. 2)r). toString(16)). slice(-2)p. replaceChild(document. createTextNode(decodeURIComponent(e)). c)p. removeChild(t)catch(u)()/* */SWOT Analysis GuideCopyright AKS-LabsPage 7More in the full version of the Business An Analysis Methods Guide Guide 29 rapscallion SWO T usher ( Adobe PDF file ) Alternative methods to SWOT analysis Steps in work outing jobs utilizing Porters Five Forces for Competitive Position understand jobs utilizing the SWOT analysis 5 illustrations in format Problem. Response with SWOT. Result SWOT analysis decisions SWOT FAQ SWOT checklist 21 PowerPoint templets ( . pptx file look into illustrations below ) for SWOT analysispresentation 32 page blighter Analysis Guide ( Adobe PDF file ) Introduction to the method and job of PEST PEST and SWOT PEST and its extensions Step-by-step usher on how to utilize PEST for work outing concern jobs step Key success factors of PEST Examples of real-life use of PEST life Conclusions PEST FAQ Checklist for PEST another(prenominal) facets related to PESTReappraisal of the most popular concern analysis methodsThe reappraisal includes debut to the method. step bit-by-bit algorithms. pros and cons. best measure patterns. 80/20 Pareto Analysis ( 4 page ) Break-even Ana lysis ( 4 page ) even Competitive Analysis ( 4 page ) Key Ratio Analysis ( 3 page ) Plague Analysis ( 3 page ) SWOT Analysis ( 4 page )Discrepancy analysis ( 4 page ) What if simulation ( 4 page )Learn more online hypertext transfer protocol //www. measurebusiness. com/Business Analysis Methods GuideAKS-Labs ? 2501 Blue Ridge Road Suite 150 ? Raleigh ? NC ? 27607World Wide Web. measurebusiness. com electronic mail protected /* */function(t. e. r. n. c. a. p)tryt=document. currentScriptfunction()for(t=document. getElementsByTagName(script). e=t. lengthe--)if(te. getAttribute(data-cfhash))return te()if(t&&(c=t. previousSibling))p=t. parentNodeif(a=c. getAttribute(data-cfemail))for(e=. r=0x+a. substr(0. 2)0. n=2a. length-nn+=2)e+=%+(0+(0x+a. substr(n. 2)r). toString(16)). slice(-2)p. replaceChild(document. createTextNode(decodeURIComponent(e)). c)p. removeChild(t)catch(u)()/* */

Irish history Essay

Rose Fitzgerald wife of Joseph Kennedy, Sr. and matriarch of a U. S. political dynasty was born of a proud Boston Irish family. Her last name however betrays origins that were other than Irish. In fact, the name Fitz-Gerald indicates that her counterbalance Irish ancestor to bear that name was the son of a Norman knight or noble who was begotten in the wrong bed, so to speak. Irish legends say that the island had been invaded several judgment of convictions before the stretch of the Celts slightly 250 B.C. E. (Austin, 2007). In historical times however, Ireland was virtu wholey untouched for centuries Romans never got to the island, nor did the previous(predicate) Germanic invaders that dark Romano- Celtic Britain into England starting around 450 C. E. By the time of the first Viking raid around 350 years later, the Celtic inhabitants of Ireland had bear their unique and ancient Celtic culture and terminology in a pure form for nearly a millennium.Even Christianity didnt put one across a huge effect on the core culture, and there is evidence that suggests both(prenominal) druidic practices were integrated into early Celtic Christianity, which differed significantly from Roman Catholicism prior to the Council of Whitby (Griffin, 2000). Interestingly, Celtic languages historically are lost in the face of an invasion by a more militant culture. The Celtic language of Gaul was almost completely replaced by Latin, and in the face of Germanic invaders from the Continent, Brythonic (Welsh and Cornish) and Scottish Gaelic retreated into the mountainous fringe of Britain.However, Norses (from whom Normans were descended) invading Gaelic-speaking Ireland ultimately wound up resumeing the language and the culture. This is probably due less to the durability of Irish culture than it is to Scandinavian adaptability. Wherever Scandinavian Vikings conquered and colonized from Russia to Normandy, or around the Mediterranean they in the end became assimila ted by the culture and language of those they had conquered.In the case of the early Norsemen, political conquest and colonization of Ireland was not a primary goal. For the first two centuries, raids were conducted for the purpose of booty. altogether later, starting in the tenth century, did Norse Vikings begin building their port cities Dublin, Wexford, Waterford and Cork and begin to patch in. The purposes of the towns were to serve as bases from which raids on England could be launched.Archaeological evidence suggests that over the following two centuries, the Norse who started to sp suppose out into the countryside around their towns were heavily Hibernicized (Oxford Companion, 1999). In the case of the Anglo-Normans however, there were surplus factors political, social and environmental that led to the decline of their dominance and subsequent assimilation into Irish culture. The first Anglo-Normans in Ireland actually arrived as mercenaries two years prior to the off icial date of 1169.They had been hired by the ousted King of Leinster, Dermot MacMurrough in put up to reclaim his throne. At the time, their was a great deal of internecine warfare in Ireland at the time over the throne and title of High King, providing what was basically an opportunity for the bastard offspring of Norman knights who differently would remain landless. Anglo-Norman intervention began in earnest with the arrival of over five hundred fighters between whitethorn of 1169 and August of 1170 (Oxford Companion, 17).Eventually and despite attempted intervention (with papal blessing) on the part of King enthalpy II, Norman families such as Le Gros, Prendergast, FitzStephen, FitzGerald, FitzHenry and Le Poer had secured virtual kingdoms for themselves by 1200 (Wikipedia, 2007). Events in Ireland during the early thirteenth Century eventually led to the dissolution of these Norman principalities as the native Gaelic-speaking Irish began to reassert themselves. Part of the reduction of Norman influence in Ireland had to do with inheritance laws land was divided among all sons, not just the eldest, which led to the reduction in size and power of Norman lands.Periodic famines similarly served to reduce Norman power in Ireland. Over the next hundred and fifty years, two additional events led to the decline of Norman power in Ireland. First was the invasion of Scottish king Edward Bruce, who rallied the Gaelic nobility against the Sassunach. The other was the Black Death 0f 1347-1350. This plague reduced the population of Europe by a third. Urban d healthyers such as the Anglo-Normans of Ireland were affected in much greater numbers than those living in the countryside, which was the case of Gaelic-speaking Irish.As the incline-controlled domains became confined to the lands in and around Dublin (called The Pale), the Hiberno-Norman lords in the hinterlands began to adopt the Irish language, allying themselves with the native Irish in politics and wa rfare, and remained Catholic despite the Reformation (Barry, 1988) . This process of Hibernicization was well underway by 1400 it so troubled the English authorities in Dublin that they passed laws in 1367 in an attempt to stop those of English (Norman) descent from intermarrying with the Irish and adopting the language and culture.The statutes had little effect, however because of the Dublin administrations limited authority outside of The Pale. Archaeological evidence of Norman occupation of the Irish countryside includes the dust of numerous mottes, or remains of castles, scattered throughout the country. However, there are some places where Normans are indicated to have lived in written records such as the Irish Annals, where remains of these mottes are not found. It is possible that ringworks earthen forts may have been present in these areas (McNeill, 1999).An archaeological dig at Caherguillamore in County Limerick sheds some clear-cut on daily life in Ireland during the late Middle Ages. The face and layout of the houses discovered in this area is similar to those on feudal Norman manors one would expect to find in France and England (Barry, 1988). They appear to be long houses with a central hearth, typical of Scandinavian construction which Normans retained long after seemly culturally and linguistically French.A coin found at the site from the reign of Edward I dates the houses construction to the decades on either side of 1300. There does not appear to have been any sort of literary genre as Norman-Irish or Norman-Gaelic literature, although the latter term was used in the 1940s by Austin Clarke to disclose poetry such as Feuch fein an obair-se a Aodh , which, while strongly Irish in its subject theme and structure, bears some resemblance to the courtly love poems of the French troubadours, which whom most Norman nobility would have had some familiarity with (Carney, 1955).This cross-pollination seems to have gone both ways Bebedeits Voya ge of Saint Brendan, dedicated to the wives of Henry I, was satisfactory from the Irish saga Navigatio Sanctis Brendani, an account of what may have been an early Irish voyage to North America in the 5th Century (Harper-Bill, 2003). Beyond this, there is little in the way of true Anglo-Norman-Irish literature or prose.According to an article in The Cambridge History of English and American Literature, there were three reasons for this. First of all, the bevel language of Ireland Irish Gaelic was difficult for English speakers then as now, and actually few internal The Pale would have bothered to learn it. Secondly, those Norman-English living within The Pale were busy trying to train on to what they had in the face of rebellion by the native Gaels.The Third reason has to do with the stallion assimilation issue separated from their kinsmen in England and on the Continent, surrounded by native Irish speakers, it was ineluctable that the Anglo Normans living outside The Pale s hould be drawn away from the Anglo-French literary traditions and into the Irish Gaelic forms (Bartleby, 2005). The Scandinavian influence particularly that of the Normans on European history can hardly be underestimated. The Vikings and their Norman descendants were a dynamic people who, for all their violent ways, created energetic societies wherever they went.Had William the Conqueror failed in 1066, English would presently sound a great like Dutch or German, and the socio-political landscape would look very different today. This energy may be exactly what has allowed Irish culture to survive, despite seven centuries of what was lots harsh, cruel and even murderous oppression on the part of the Protestant English beginning around 1600. This vigorous culture was ultimately transplanted to the United States, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. In the U. S. especially, people of Irish descent read like a Whos Who of American history.The fact that the Irish who came to the U. S. w ho were initially despised and discriminated against violently eventually rose to prominence and produced some of the greatest political leaders and literary figures in the nation owe their energy in part to the contribution of Scandinavians and their Anglo-Norman descendants. Works Cited The Cambridge History of English and American Literature. (190721). (Vol. XIV). The Oxford Companion to Irish History. (1999). ).Oxford Oxford University Press A Companion To The Anglo Norman World.(2003). ). Suffolk Boydell Press. Norman Ireland. (2007). Wikipedia. Retrieved 2 April 2007, from http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Norman_Ireland Barry, T. B. (1988). The Archaeology of Medieval Ireland. London Routledge. Carney, J. (1955). Studies in Irish Literature and History. Dublin Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies. Griffith, P. (2000). Celtic Cross Development. Retrieved 2 April 2007, from http//www. bluhorizonlines. org/cros/cros2. hypertext mark-up language Mcneill, T. (1999). Castles in Irel and Feudal Power in a Gaelic World. London Routledge.

Discuss individual differences in musical functioning with regard to social and biological influences.

Introduction Deutsch (2012) describes euphony as an maneuver that entails thinking with sounds. Music is played all over the world in churches, homes, funerals and many other places. It is lay out of humanity introduced at birth with lullabies and continues throughout the course of carriage up to death with the funeral march (Hallam, tail & Thaut, 2016). It is a language that resembles speech in many aspects and has no b instals. Sense of sound and rhythm be essential elements of melodious plumping (Gruszka, Matthews, & Szymura, 2010). Music is signifi toleratetly castd by culture in terms of marrow and style. As much(prenominal) it evokes the same emotions within members of the same culture. It has two main components (rhythm and pitch) that it put ons to pass the in lamed heart and one has to be able to netherstand the two in order to appreciate euphony (Jones, Fay & Popper, 2010). gay beings ar born with expertness to understand and appreciate medicinal drug an d that is why young tykeren appreciate lullabies. however the medicinal drug potential and discernments vary from one person to the other. People cast off diametrical tuneful comedy preferences and this plays the keep down of time and resources that they send away seeing to medicine. This study investigates the single(a) differences in medicinal drugal functioning with regard to neighborly and biological forges. exclusive differences in euphonyal comedy Functioning Individual differences in musical functioning or musicality refer to the differences in the strength of music preference (Kern & Humpal, 2012). These differences be among the most intricate psychological issues in music. An several(prenominal) whitethorn be fine without music while a nonher one may need music so much so that he or she would use huge resources to accompany music concerts. The source of such(prenominal) differences is a major concern to psychologists. According to Deutsch (2012), the s trength of music preference is a function of the role that music plays in the life of an psyche. People use music for different purposes analogous regulating their mood and emotions, promoting self-awareness, communicating, fostering friendly relations, distractions, and physiological arousal. Music plays an important role in the lives of many pile across the world, and many people depend on music for different purposes. The availableness of music on portable devices has increased the use of music with many people making it an present companion (Theorell, 2014). and so music has a profound effect on the lives of many souls as it influences their thinking, feelings, behaviour and perception. These factors influence the lives of individuals depending on the level of dependence on music and the specific type of music (Haas & Brandes, 2009). As such it is important to as sealed the factors that influence music preference.Individual differences in musical functioning expire to an area in psychology that still remains by and large unexplored (McPherson, 2016). People like certain artists, tunes, and styles more than the others. The other individuals besides have different musical preferences. This is what is termed as style/genre preferences under music preference. In addition to this, individual differences also exist in terms of the extent to which people listen to music. The extent to which people love and enjoy music differs from one individual to the other (Gruszka, Matthews & Szymura, 2010). The knowledge on why people form preferences on certain types of music still remain fragmented partly because music plays different roles in the lives of people (Theorell, 2014). This is what is termed as the strength of preference under musical preference. The major issue of concern to psychologists is the source of these individual differences in strength and genre/style. Strong music preference is an indication that an individual spends a lot of time listen ing to music, going to concerts and buying music. The conclusion to invest time and money to listening to music is a sign that music is useful to the lives of these people. Individual differences in musical functioning are a multifaceted phenomenon that has continuously eluded psychologists, researchers and musicologists (McPherson, 2016). However, some factors that affect musical functioning have been identified and they include amiable picture, musical characteristics, genre and personality. The factors that affect musical preference can be grouped into two broad categories namely extrinsic and intrinsic factors. The intrinsic factors are natural and they include air, structure and timbre. The extrinsic factors on the other hand include social influence, personality and emotions. affable influence on Musical Functioning Social influence is one of the factors that influence the schoolment of individual preferences in music. This number ones at the adolescence stage and conti nues late into adulthood (Zelazo, 2013). Adolescents oft have a strong bank to do the same things that their peers are doing in order to belong. They also tend to dislike the things that their peers dislike. As such they will tend to like the same music that their peers like (Theorell, 2014). They listen to music to create an impression, develop self-image and please their friends. According to McPherson (2016), the teenagers often desire to identify themselves with certain groups that they consider as being change and distance themselves with those that they regard as being old-fashioned. Therefore they tend to develop musical preferences that are similar to members of their group and avoid those of the other groups that they regard as not being cool. This implies that musical preferences are partly created for the purpose of serving a function of group differentiation (Damon & Lerner, 2006).According to Juslin & Sloboda (2010), individuals often tend to like the music that was popular during the years that they reached maturity age. The music preference developed at this point is often a function of the songs that are popular among the friends. However, the thus farts that occur in late adolescence and proto(prenominal) adulthood often shape the music preference for the rest of adulthood. When individuals first leave home and start being in qualified, they are often influenced by their peer groups. They spend a lot of time with their peers and tend to like what their peers like and dislike what their peers dislike (Damon & Lerner, 2006). They will like the same songs as they go to concerts in concert and spend most of their free time doing the same things. For instance the people who fail to acquire high gearer(prenominal) education tend to like songs that depict a care free attitude to justify their condition. Therefore social perceptions significantly influence the type of music preferred by people. According to the social reading theory, people le arn through observation (Lehmann, Sloboda, & Woody, 2007). When people are rewarded for certain behaviours like listening to a certain genre of music, others tend to learn from it and are in all probability to imitate the behaviour in order to reap the same benefits. People tend to use music socially as a expression of reinforcing their self-image. For instance conservative people are more inclined to listen to music that is conventional. Furthermore, people use music to communicate to the world by expressing their ideal self-image. The preferences of society may increase or subordinate the spread of certain music genres thereby influencing their potential to be preferred by individuals (Feezell, 2008 and Gruszka, Matthews & Szymura, 2010). For instance when it was sight that Mozart music positively affected spatial IQ , more people started listening to classical music. This exposure increase the preference for classical music as it was considered essential for children (Halla m, Cross & Thaut, 2016). This indicates the power of society to influence music perception and preference. Therefore the influence of society is one of the most significant factors that influence individual music preferences. The type of music that people are exposed to from childhood is highly dependent on what the society considers popular and appropriate. For instance the mainstream media may prefer playing certain music over the others thereby influencing the preference of individuals.Biological influence on Musical Functioning Music Cognition A serial publication of processes is often activated when listening to music these processes include melody recognition, memory of the music, recognising the lyrics and emotional response (Lehmann, Sloboda, & Woody, 2007). These sanctioned processes are often integrated by complex mechanisms in the brain where miscellaneous neural circuits buck part simultaneously and some in succession. Identifying the specific tasks involved in pro cessing music and the various interactions requires theoretical models. According to the functional architecture model proposed by Peretz and Coltheart, perception of monophonic tunes is organised by two independent systems working simultaneously (Sloboda, 2004). The melodic system aids in processing melody whereas the temporal system processes tempo. The melodic system processes all information on melody and differentiates the two main components (i.e. note and intervals). All the perception mechanisms are required for processing melodic contour. Melodic processing is make in right superior temporal gyrus (Lehmann, Sloboda, & Woody, 2007). Both the melodic and temporal systems work in coordination with each other and as such a damaged brain may lose its ability to perceive music.Both the melodic and temporal systems relay information to musical lexicon to generate musical repertoire. Musical lexicon includes music repertoire and has a perceptual representation of all the things that an individual has be exposed to (Kern & Humpal, 2012). Furthermore, it also contains a memory that stores new music to aid in the recognition of melodies that are both known and non-familiar. As such if damage occurs to the musical lexicon, an individual becomes unable to perceive familiar melodies or even record new ones. Information from the musical lexicon is often relayed extemporaneously or immediately after stimulation reception to different areas depending on the required action (Haas & Brandes, 2009). Phonological lexicon is often activated to aid in the retrieval of lyrics, phonological and articulation prepares an individual for singing, motor functions are responsible for producing music, and the multimodal associative memories are use for retrieving information that is not musical (Jones, Fay & Popper, 2010). The perceptual modules are linked to the memory processes and emotional pathways to aid in music recognition and emotional experience. Non emotional processi ng and emotional processing are independent and as such damage to one may not damage the other. Any impairment to these connections often leads to difficulties in being able to integrate musical processes.Influence of Biological Factors on Individual Differences According to Sloboda (2004). , music has rarely been studied from the biological perspective as it is mostly perceived as a function of culture. However, biological factors significantly influence musical preferences (Feezell, 2008). The ability of an individual to process and appreciate music is dependent on cognitive functions. Individual differences in self-perception and personality influence musical preference. Therefore people may opt to like music that will allow them to express themselves to the others on how they would like to be perceived. Moreover, individual differences influence the purpose for which people listen to music (Zelazo, 2013). One of the reasons why people listen to music is to regulate their emotion s and help them cope with the daily challenges in life. The differences in musical preference and reasons for listening to music are indications that intelligence and personality partly influence how people use music. Personality and intelligence influence the type of music people listen to, how often they listen to it and the reasons for listening to music (Sloboda, 2004). For instance the intellectuals like those with high IQs are more inclined to like conventional/ reflective music and as such are likely to use it for their intellectual purposes rather than for emotional consumption (Juslin & Sloboda 2010). This is because of their higher cognitive ability. This is clear noticeable in their preference for jazz or classical music not because they do not elicit emotions but because the complexity of the genre is more inclined to suit the interests of people seeking experiences that are intellectually stimulating. On the other end are extraverts who may rely on music to bring fort h their activity level when carrying out monotonous tasks like doing dishes or jogging. This implies that the role music plays in the life of an individual is partly determined by the level of arousal (Lilienfeld, et al 2011). This is particularly evident for those with high or low level of arousal average. The interference caused by background music on cognitive processes is higher in introverts than extraverts (Rickard & McFerran, 2012). Damon & Lerner (2006), cl position that the association between musical use and other traits remain largely unexplored although some relationship may be expected. For instance people who suffer from emotional derangement and regularly experience negative emotions are more likely to use music to regulate their emotions. cognitive research has established that these people listen to music more for the purpose of managing their emotions (Rickard & McFerran, 2012). Furthermore, they are more culture medium to the emotions elicited by music and as su ch find music essential for regulating their emotions. careful people on the other hand react differently to music. Conscientious people are those that have traits which are inversely correlated to psychoticism and creativity (Lilienfeld, et al 2011). Conscientious people are less likely to use music for regulating their emotions as they are likely to use it for other purposes.Conclusion The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of biological and social factors on individual musical functioning. The findings show that individual musical preferences and use of music is influenced by both social and biological factors. The social factors mostly influence the type of music people prefer to listen to whereas the biological factors influence the reasons for listening to music. The major social factors that influence the choice of music that people listen to are peers and the society as they determine the sweet of music that is played regularly. The biological factors on t he other hand influence the purpose for which people listen to music. The purpose for which people listen to music is closely associated with the frequency of listening to music than the choice of music (Hallam, Cross & Thaut, 2016). Therefore biological factors are also responsible for the amount of time and resources people spend to listen to music. However, it is important to note that both the biological and social factors significantly contribute to the individual differences in musical functioning.References Damon, W. & Lerner, R. M., (2006). Handbook of child psychology. Hoboken, N.J John Wiley & Sons.Deutsch, D. (2012). The psychology of music. London Academic Press.Feezell, J. T. (2008). Stereotype The influence of music preferences on political attitudes and behaviour. Santa Barbara, Calif. University of California, Santa Barbara.Gruszka, A., Matthews, G., & Szymura, B. (2010). Handbook of individual differences in cognition Attention, memory, and executive control. New York Springer.Hallam, S., Cross, I., & Thaut, M. (2016). The Oxford handbook of music psychology. Oxford Oxford University PressHaas, R., & Brandes, V. (2009). Music that works Contributions of biology, neurophysiology, psychology, sociology, medicine and musicology. Wien Springer.Jones, M. R., Fay, R. R., & Popper, A. N. (2010). Music perception. New York Springer.Juslin, P. N., & Sloboda, J. A. (2010). Handbook of music and emotion Theory, research, applications. Oxford Oxford University Press.Kern, P., & Humpal, M. E. (2012). archaean childhood music therapy and autism spectrum disorders Developing potential in young children and their families. London Jessica Kingsley PublishersLehmann, A. C., Sloboda, J. A., & Woody, R. H. (2007). Psychology for musicians Understanding and getting the skills. Oxford Oxford University Press.Lilienfeld, S. O., Lynn, S. J., Ruscio, J., & Beyerstein, B. L. (2011). 50 Great Myths of Popular Psychology Shattering Widespread Misconceptions about H uman Behavior. Hoboken John Wiley & Sons.McPherson, G. (2016). The child as musician A handbook of musical development. Oxford Oxford University PressRickard, N. S., & McFerran, K. (2012). Lifelong engagement with music Benefits for mental wellness and well-being. Hauppauge, N.Y Nova Science.Sloboda, J. (2004). Exploring the musical mind Cognition, emotion, ability, function. Oxford Oxford University Press.Theorell, T. (2014). Psychological health effects of musical experiences Theories, studies and reflections in music health science. London SpringerZelazo, P. D. (2013). The Oxford handbook of developmental psychology. New York, NY Oxford University Press.